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Overfishing Definition: What is Overfishing?

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First, it’s important to note that recreational fishermen are generally not responsible for overfishing. Overfishing primarily involves commercial fishing, where large-scale operations use massive nets to meet the ever-growing demand for fish. This is driven by increased global fish consumption, which has doubled over the last 50 years, and the growing world population.

Overfishing occurs when a region’s breeding stock becomes so depleted that fish populations can’t replenish themselves. This results in fewer fish each year or, at worst, the extinction of a fish species in a specific area. Overfishing is often associated with wasteful fishing methods that catch not only the target fish but also other unintended marine life.

Over 80% of fish are caught in such nets, leading to adverse consequences:

Increased Algae in the Water: Overfishing disrupts the natural balance, leading to uncontrolled algae growth and negatively impacting the oceans’ acidity, reefs, and plankton.

Destruction of Fishing Communities: Overfishing can devastate communities reliant on fishing for both their economy and primary protein source.

Tougher Fishing for Small Vessels: Large-scale overfishing makes it harder for smaller fishing operations to meet their quotas.

Ghost Fishing: Abandoned fishing gear poses a threat to marine life, trapping them even after being discarded.

Species Pushed to Near Extinction: Overfishing has led to the depletion of many fish species.

Bycatch: Non-target marine life caught as a byproduct of commercial fishing is known as bycatch and increases dramatically with overfishing.

Waste: Overfishing results in a significant loss of fish in the supply chain, with up to 20% of fish being wasted in the United States.

Furthermore, overfishing can lead to mislabeling, where seafood is falsely marketed, affecting consumer trust.

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Why Overfishing Happens

Several factors drive overfishing, including inadequate regulations, unreported fishing activities, mobile processing of fish, and harmful subsidies. Government subsidies are a significant contributor, encouraging overfishing by rewarding the quantity of fish caught, rather than considering environmental impact.

According to the World Wildlife Fund, subsidies contribute to illegal fishing activities, piracy, slavery, and human trafficking. In 2018, it was reported that $22 billion, 63% of all fishing subsidies, supported practices encouraging overfishing.

The Role of Farmed Fish

Farmed fish were initially considered a solution to preserve wild fish populations while providing a source of income to communities affected by overfishing. However, the reality has proven to be different. Concentrated farming of fish leads to environmental pollution, heavy use of pesticides and drugs, and a decrease in the nutritional value of farmed fish. Farmed fish, in some cases, become less healthy than their wild counterparts.

Notably, farmed fish do not contain the same essential nutrients as their wild counterparts, which can pose health risks.

Countries Overfishing

While overfishing affects numerous countries, the main culprits tend to be less-developed nations in Asia and the undeveloped world. Notably, the United States appeared on a “shame list” in relation to overfishing, particularly of bluefin tuna, alongside Japan, Taiwan, China, South Korea, and Indonesia.

China stands out for providing significant subsidies promoting overfishing and underreporting its overseas fishing catch, especially in Africa.

Overfishing can lead to economic instability in local communities, as seen in New England and the Japanese fish market. These effects have far-reaching implications for marine ecosystems and people’s livelihoods.

The Severity of Overfishing

Overfishing is a critical issue that cannot be underestimated. For example, the Pacific bluefin tuna population has declined by 97%. This species plays a vital role in the marine food chain, and its extinction could disrupt the entire ecosystem.

Overfishing has broader ecological effects, including the depletion of smaller fish species that keep coral reefs healthy.

Alternatives to Combat Overfishing

To address overfishing, both government policies and technological solutions are necessary. Innovations, such as devices that reduce bycatch and waste, can contribute to sustainable fishing practices. Current regulations, quotas, and subsidies must be reevaluated to create more sustainable models for the fishing industry.

One promising alternative is the territorial use rights in fisheries management (TURF) system, which provides long-term fishing rights to individuals or collectives in specific areas. Fishermen with TURF have a vested interest in maintaining sustainable fishing practices. This market-driven approach promotes sustainability and is used in countries like Chile, Belize, Denmark, and the United States.

It’s crucial to address overfishing not only for environmental reasons but also for food security. The extinction of major protein sources could lead to increased competition for remaining resources, affecting global stability.

The detrimental consequences of overfishing are not confined to distant waters but can affect us all, making corrective measures essential.

For more from the author of this article, Coty Perry, visit Anglers

As a third-generation angler and the Managing Editor of Anglers, he possesses a wealth of knowledge and experience in outdoor activities. He frequently enjoys fishing and camping outings with his wife and children.

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Northern Red Sea Reefs and Wrecks Trip Report, Part 3: The Mighty Thistlegorm

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Jake Davies boards Ghazala Explorer for an unforgettable Red Sea diving experience…

Overnight, the wind picked up, making the planned morning dive a bit bumpy on the Zodiacs to the drop point on Thomas Reef. There, we would dive along the reef before descending through the canyon and then passing under the arch before ascending the wall with a gentle drift. The site provided great encounters with more pelagic species, including shoals of large barracuda, tuna, and bigeye trevally.

Once back on the boat, it was time to get everything tied down again as we would head back south. This time, with the wind behind us, heading to Ras Mohammed to dive Jackfish Alley for another great gentle drift wall dive before then heading up the coast towards the Gulf of Suez to moor up at the wreck of the Thistlegorm. This being the highlight wreck dive of the trip and for many onboard, including myself, it was the first time diving this iconic wreck. I had heard so much about the wreck from friends, and globally, this is a must on any diver’s list. Fortunately for us, there was only one other boat at the site, which was a rarity. A great briefing was delivered by Ahmed, who provided a detailed background about the wreck’s history along with all the required safety information as the currents and visibility at the site can be variable.

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Kitting up, there was a lot of excitement on deck before entering the water and heading down the shoreline. Descending to the wreck, there was a light northerly current which reduced the visibility, making it feel more like the conditions that can be found off the Welsh coast. At 10m from the bottom, the outline of the wreck appeared as we reached the area of the wreck which had been bombed, as our mooring line was attached to part of the propeller shaft. Arriving on deck, instantly everywhere you looked there were many of the supplies which the ship was carrying, including Bren Carrier tanks and projectiles that instantly stood out.

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We headed around the exterior, taking a look at the large propeller and guns mounted on deck before entering the wreck on the port side to take a look in the holds. It was incredible to see all the trucks, Norton 16H, and BSA motorcycles still perfectly stacked within, providing a real snapshot in time.

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Overall, we had four dives on the Thistlegorm, where for all of the dives we were the only group in the water, and at times, there were just three of us on the whole wreck, which made it even more special, especially knowing that most days the wreck has hundreds of divers. Along with the history of the wreck, there was plenty of marine life on the wreck and around, from big green turtles to batfish, along with shoals of mackerel being hunted by trevally. Some unforgettable dives.

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The final leg of the trip saw us cross back over the Suez Canal to the Gobal Islands where we planned to stay the night and do three dives at the Dolphin House for the potential of sharing the dive with dolphins. The site, which included a channel that was teeming with reef fish, especially large numbers of goatfish that swam in large shoals along the edge of the reef. These were nice relaxing dives to end the week. Unfortunately, the dolphins didn’t show up, which was okay as like all marine life they are difficult to predict and you can’t guarantee what’s going to be seen. With the last dive complete, we headed back to port for the final night where it was time to clean all the kit and pack before the departure flight the next day.

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The whole week from start to finish on Ghazala Explorer was amazing; the boat had all the facilities you need for a comfortable week aboard. The crew were always there to help throughout the day and the chefs providing top quality food which was required after every dive. The itinerary providing some of the best diving with a nice mixture of wreck and reef dives. I would recommend the trip to anyone, whether it’s your first Red Sea liveaboard in the Red Sea or you’re revisiting. Hopefully, it’s not too long before I head back to explore more of the Red Sea onboard Ghazala Explorer.

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To find out more about the Northern Red Sea reef and wrecks itineraries aboard Ghazala Explorer, or to book, contact Scuba Travel now:

Email: dive@scubatravel.com

Tel: +44 (0)1483 411590

www.scubatravel.com

Photos: Jake Davies / Avalon.Red

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Northern Red Sea Reefs and Wrecks Trip Report, Part 2: Wall to Wall Wrecks

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Jake Davies boards Ghazala Explorer for an unforgettable Red Sea diving experience…

The second day’s diving was a day full of wreck diving at Abu Nuhas, which included the Chrisoula K, Carnatic, and Ghiannis D. The first dive of the day was onto the Chrisoula K, also known as the wreck of tiles. The 98m vessel remains largely intact where she was loaded with tiles which can be seen throughout the hold. The stern sits at 26m and the bow just below the surface. One of the highlights of the wreck is heading inside and seeing the workroom where the machinery used for cutting the tiles are perfectly intact. The bow provided some relaxing scenery as the bright sunlight highlighted the colours of the soft coral reef and the many reef fish.

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Following breakfast, we then headed to the next wreck, which was the Carnatic. The Carnatic is an 89.9m sail steamer vessel that was built in Britain back in 1862. She ran aground on the reef back in 1869 and remains at 27m. At the time, she was carrying a range of items, including 40,000 sterling in gold. An impressive wreck where much of the superstructure remains, and the two large masts lay on the seafloor. The wooden ribs of the hull provide structures for lots of soft corals, and into the stern section, the light beams through, bouncing off the large shoals of glass fish that can be found using the structure as shelter from the larger predators that are found outside of the wreck.

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The final wreck at Abu Nuhas was the Ghiannis D, originally called ‘Shoyo Maru,’ which was 99.5m long and built in Japan back in 1969 before becoming a Greek-registered cargo ship in 1980. The ship then ran aground on the reef on April 19th, 1983, and now sits at the bottom at a depth of 27m. Heading down the line, the stern of the ship remains in good condition compared to the rest of the hull. The highlight of the wreck, though, is heading into the stern section and down the flights of stairs to enter the engine room, which remains in good condition and is definitely worth exploring. After exploring the interior section of the ship, we then headed over to see the rest of the superstructure, where it’s particularly interesting to see the large table corals that have grown at the bow relatively quickly considering the date the ship sank. After surfacing and enjoying some afternoon snacks, we made sure everything was strapped down and secured as we would be heading north and crossing the Gulf of Suez, where the winds were still creating plenty of chop.

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The next morning, it was a short hop to Ras Mohammed Nature Reserve for the next couple of days of diving. The 6am wake-up call came along with the briefing for the first site we would be diving, which was Shark & Yolanda. The low current conditions allowed us to start the dive at Anemone City, where we would drift along the steep, coral-filled wall. These dives involved drifts, as mooring in Ras Mohammed wasn’t allowed to protect the reefs. As a dive site, Shark & Yolanda is well-known and historically had a lot of sharks, but unfortunately not so many in recent years, especially not so early in the season. However, there was always a chance when looking out into the blue.

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The gentle drift took us along the steep walls of the site, with plenty of anemone fish to be seen and a huge variety of corals. It wasn’t long into the dive before we were accompanied by a hawksbill turtle, who drifted with us between the two atolls before parting ways. Between the two reefs, the shallow patch with parts of coral heads surrounded by sand provided the chance to see a few blue-spotted stingrays that were mainly resting underneath the corals and are always a pleasure to see. With this being the morning dive, the early sunlight lit up the walls, providing tranquil moments. Looking out into the blue, there was very little to be seen, but a small shoal of batfish shimmering underneath the sunlight was a moment to capture as we watched them swim by as they watched us.

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Towards the end of the dive, we stopped at the wreck of the Jolanda where the seafloor was scattered with toilets from the containers it was carrying. This provided a unique site to make a safety stop, which was also accompanied by a large barracuda slowly swimming by, along with a hawksbill turtle calmly swimming over the reef as the sun rays danced in the distance.

For the next dive, we headed north to the Strait of Tiran to explore the reefs situated between Tiran Island and Sharm El Sheik, which were named after the British divers who had found them. We started on Jackson before heading to Gordons Reef, where we also did the night dive. All the atolls at these sites provided stunning, bustling coral reefs close to the surface and steep walls to swim along, which always provided the opportunity to keep an eye out for some of the larger species that can be seen in the blue. Midwater around Jackson Reef was filled with red-toothed triggerfish and shoals of banner fish, which at times were so dense that you couldn’t see into the blue. Moments went by peacefully as we enjoyed the slow drift above the reef, watching these shoals swim around under the mid-afternoon sun.

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The night dive at Gordon’s Reef was mainly among the stacks of corals surrounded by sand, which was great to explore under the darkness. After some time circling the corals, we came across what we were really hoping to find, and that was an octopus hunting on the reef. We spent the majority of the dive just watching it crawl among the reef, blending into its changing surroundings through changes in colour and skin texture. It’s always so fascinating and captivating to watch these incredibly intelligent animals, in awe of their ability to carry out these physical changes to perfectly blend into the reef. Before we knew it, it was time to head back to the boat to enjoy a well-deserved tasty dinner prepared by the talented chefs onboard.

Check in for the 3rd and final part of this series from Jake tomorrow!

To find out more about the Northern Red Sea reef and wrecks itineraries aboard Ghazala Explorer, or to book, contact Scuba Travel now:

Email: dive@scubatravel.com

Tel: +44 (0)1483 411590

www.scubatravel.com

Photos: Jake Davies / Avalon.Red

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