Marine Life & Conservation Blogs
First Steps to becoming a Marine Biologist
I am currently a student at the University of Hull, just got accepted, and I just went on to do my first year of Marine and Freshwater biology. I recommend going into this subject because there are so many various routes of which can be taken, career wise, from this course. I, for instance, am going to go on to doing freelance Marine Biology and specialize in Marine Mega-fauna e.g. whales, sharks, dolphins, sea turtles etc. Basically, any large marine creatures of interest.
The course consists of three years. This is how it is broken down:
First year:
You will learn:
-Diversity of life
-Get an introduction into genetics
-Learn molecular and cell biology
-Are provided field and laboratory skills for those Aquatic Biologist out there
-Ecology and Evolution
Then you get to choose one free elective e.g. chemistry of life, biology book club, Dive training etc…
I personally have chosen my free elective to be dive training as it will be beneficial towards my course.
Second year:
You will learn:
-Professional and research skills for MFW Biologists
-Marine Biology and Biotechnology
-Evolutionary Ecology and the Physiology of Animals
-Molecular Biology of the cell
-Freshwater Biology
-Behavioural Ecology
-Fish Ecology
-Conservation
-Evolution
and obviously one free elective
Third year:
This is the year when you get the chance to do your own research project or biology work placement.
You will cover all of the following before you choose what research project you wish to do and how you’re going to do it:
-The sensory physiology of animals
-Marine structure and functioning
-Behavioural ecology and functioning
-Fisheries resource management
-Current biology
-Reviews within biological sciences
-Concepts within ecology
-Freshwater ecology/management
-Marine ecomechanics
-Topics in Biodiversity and evolution
-Field studies
-Environment and society
and your one free elective
This course is brilliant for those interested in going into something Marine based.
Also, don’t get me started on all the places you will get to travel to. You can take field trips with your course group to places such as:
-Portugal
-Millport
-Tobago
-Brazil
-Cuba
-Mallorca
-Indonesia
-Arran
Just remember your passport, inoculations before you go and lots and lots of bug spray.
So if anyone is interested in Marine Biology or anything similar to that; Hull University is the place to go. It is a beautiful place and you feel so at home when you are there, that you will never want to leave.
I recommend going there, it’s a brilliant place to get a brilliant degree!
Marine Life & Conservation Blogs
Creature Feature: Undulate Ray
In this series, the Shark Trust will be sharing amazing facts about different species of sharks and what you can do to help protect them.
This month we’re looking at the Undulate Ray. Easily identified by its beautiful, ornate pattern, the Undulate Ray gets its name from the undulating patterns of lines and spots on its dorsal side.
This skate is usually found on sandy or muddy sea floors, down to about 200 m deep, although it is more commonly found shallower. They can grow up to 90 cm total length. Depending on the size of the individual, their diet can range from shrimps to crabs.
Although sometimes called the Undulate Ray, this is actually a species of skate, meaning that, as all true skates do, they lay eggs. The eggs are contained in keratin eggcases – the same material that our hair and nails are made up of! These eggcases are also commonly called mermaid’s purses and can be found washed up on beaches all around the UK. If you find one, be sure to take a picture and upload your find to the Great Eggcase Hunt – the Shark Trust’s flagship citizen science project.
It is worth noting that on the south coasts, these eggcases can be confused with those of the Spotted Ray, especially as they look very similar and the ranges overlap, so we sometimes informally refer to them as ‘Spundulates’.
Scientific Name: Raja undulata
Family: Rajidae
Maximum Size: 90cm (total length)
Diet: shrimps and crabs
Distribution: found around the eastern Atlantic and in the Mediterranean Sea.
Habitat: shelf waters down to 200m deep.
Conservation Status : As a commercially exploited species, the Undulate Ray is a recovering species in some areas. The good thing is that they have some of the most comprehensive management measures of almost any elasmobranch species, with both minimum and maximum landing sizes as well as a closed season. Additionally, targeting is entirely prohibited in some areas. They are also often caught as bycatch in various fisheries – in some areas they can be landed whilst in others they must be discarded.
IUCN Red List Status: Endangered
For more great shark information and conservation visit the Shark Trust Website
Image Credits: Banner – Sheila Openshaw; Illustration – Marc Dando
Blogs
Guarding Against Coral Invaders
Protecting (Dutch) Caribbean Reefs from Unomia stolonifera
Recent reports highlight the concerning spread of the invasive soft coral, Unomia stolonifera, currently devastating Venezuela’s marine ecosystems and detected in Cuba. With the potential threat of its expansion to the (Dutch) Caribbean islands, urgent action and awareness are essential to safeguard marine biodiversity and local economies from possible catastrophic consequences.
Invasive species are animals or plants from another region of the world that don’t belong in their new environment. These species can have major ecological effects by decimating native flora or fauna. They can also cause large economic losses and impact human health. Invasive species also pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems worldwide, including the Dutch Caribbean. Among these invaders is the octocoral species Unomia stolonifera or “Pulsing Xenia”, originally from the Indo-Pacific. With its rapid growth and lack of natural predators, this species can outcompete native species and disrupt fragile marine habitats such as seagrass beds and coral reefs.
Background
The invasive soft coral U. stolonifera was first identified in 2014, off the coast of Venezuela. It is believed to have been introduced via the illegal aquarium trade. Since this species can reproduce sexually and asexually (or fragment), even small pieces can regenerate to spread. Once introduced it quickly took over shallow reefs and hard substrate at depths of 0-50 meters, outcompeting local corals and seagrass for space. Follow on surveys found that this coral species exhibited average percentage cover as high as 80%, vastly outcompeting native corals. In highly colonized areas, fish are disappearing due to loss of habitats.
In 2022, during a survey conducted in Cuba by the University of Havana, an unknown octocoral was discovered which was later identified as the invasive Unomia stolonifera. It is suspected that the coral larvae arrived in ballast water from fossil fuel ships originating from Venezuela, as nearby sites adjacent to Venezuelan ports have been heavily affected by the invasion.
How to help
Prevention through continuous monitoring, particularly in high-risk areas such as marine harbors and oil facilities, is paramount. Early detection plays a pivotal role in mitigating the threat posed by Unomia stolonifera.
The public’s involvement and awareness are also vital. Local communities, recreational divers, tourists, and all stakeholders are urged to participate in early detection efforts by reporting sightings (photo, location and date) of this invasive coral to their respective Protected Area Management Organization (PMO’s)- the Fundacion Parke Nacional Aruba (FPNA), STINAPA Bonaire, CARMABI Curaçao , Saba Conservation Foundation (SCF), Nature Foundation St. Maarten (NFSXM) and St. Eustatius National Parks (STENAPA). If an invaded area is confirmed, follow the recommendations by the local PMO’s.
Keys to Success
Despite the challenges, early detection is key to mitigating the threat posed by Unomia stolonifera. With continued vigilance, research, and community engagement, there is hope for containing this potential issue before it becomes a major threat.
About the DCNA
The Dutch Caribbean Nature Alliance (DCNA) supports (science) communication and outreach in the Dutch Caribbean region by making nature related (scientific) information more widely available through amongst others the Dutch Caribbean Biodiversity Database, DCNA’s news platform BioNews and through the press. This article contains the results from several scientific studies but the studies themselves are not DCNA studies. No rights can be derived from the content. DCNA is not liable for the content and the in(direct) impacts resulting from publishing this article.
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